Using GPS Tracking to Promote Freedom and Independence for NDIS Participants

In recent times, concerns have arisen about the use of GPS tracking and its association with restrictive practices under the NDIS guidelines.

This article aims to provide information that helps NDIS participants, caregivers, and Occupational Therapists make informed decisions about the appropriate use of GPS technology that enables freedom and independence.

The Challenge for GPS Tracking and the NDIS

GPS tracking can be beneficial for individuals with disabilities when its intent is to enhance safety or promote mobility outside the home. However, many have questioned when this technology is acceptable, and concerns have been raised about potential human rights violations and breaches of NDIS guidelines.

First and foremost, the decision to use GPS tracking to enhance a participant’s independence must be embedded within a Positive Behaviour Support framework and viewed through a human rights lens. This means thoroughly exploring how this technology can benefit the individual, how it may impact their human rights, and whether it provides more freedom or hinders privacy.

Here are some scenarios where GPS tracking can enhance a participant’s life and independence:

Scenario 1: Promoting Independence and Safety for Joe

Joe wants to walk to the bus stop and catch a bus to the shopping centre, but he often gets disoriented, leading to anxiety attacks.

With a GPS watch, Joe can push an SOS button and instantly connect with a family member or caregiver. They can provide assistance and guide him back on track, (explaining that he has gone one too many bus stops along) as they can see his exact location on the tracking map.

The technology makes communication more accessible and less confusing for Joe, ultimately promoting his safety and independence.

Scenario 2: Reassuring Sarah at Crowded Places

Sarah loves attending crowded events like markets and expos but sometimes gets separated from her caregiver or family member in the crowd.

The GPS tracker allows her to push the SOS button to connect instantly with her support person and get directions to reunite. Alternatively, her support person can use the tracking map to locate her.

Without the technology, Sarah would avoid crowded places due to the fear of getting lost. GPS tracking can significantly enhance her freedom and independence.

Scenario 3: Sam’s Journey to School

Sam, a neurodiverse student, is eager to walk to school by himself. However, his family is concerned about his safety, as he has previously gotten lost for hours.

With a GPS tracker, Sam can confidently set off, knowing that his mum is just a button away if needed.

The technology allows him to experience more independence while providing his family with peace of mind. It doesn’t infringe on his rights or privacy; instead, it broadens his life experiences.

Other Considerations for Using GPS

Use a Reputable GPS Company: It’s imperative to choose a trustworthy GPS tracking company. Ensure they prioritise data encryption and that their hosting is within Australia. Verify their privacy measures and policies and confirm that they do not sell participants’ personal information. Opting for a reputable company is essential to maintain data security and privacy.

Compliance with Practice Standards: NDIS providers should have consistent processes that respect participants’ personal privacy and dignity. Ensure that participants are informed about confidentiality policies and understand what data is being collected, why, and who has access to it. Focus on obtaining consent and facilitating open conversations about data sharing and access.

Incorporating GPS tracking into a participant’s support plan should always be justified as a measure to ensure safety and enhance freedom and mobility, rather than imposing restrictions. It’s essential to prioritise the individual’s wellbeing and respect their human rights, while working to ensure that leveraging technology improves their quality of life.

A Checklist for Ethical GPS Tracking in Occupational Therapy

Before prescribing GPS tracking for a participant, it is essential to ensure that the purpose and use align with ethical principles. We have adapted this checklist from Godwin’s (2012) ethical framework (linked here) to provide a comprehensive overview:

• Justified Need: Is there a justified need for GPS tracking, such as enhancing safety or promoting mobility for the participant?
• Human Rights Lens: Have you considered the use of GPS tracking through a human rights lens, assessing its impact on the participant’s rights and privacy?
• Freedom and Independence: Will GPS tracking promote greater freedom and independence for the participant, or could it potentially impede on their personal freedoms?
• Positive Behaviour Support: Is the use of GPS tracking embedded within a Positive Behaviour Support framework to ensure it is employed in a supportive and empowering manner?
• Privacy Protection: Have you explored who has access to the tracking data and what measures are in place to protect the participant’s privacy and personal information?
• Support Network: Does GPS tracking provide an effective way for the participant’s support network to offer assistance when needed, promoting their overall well-being and safety?

By considering these questions, you can help ensure that the use of GPS tracking aligns with ethical guidelines and is genuinely beneficial for the participant.

Find out more about the use of GPS or other surveillance technologies in the NDIS in the Quality and Safety Commission’s Surveillance Technology Practice Guide 2022.